منابع مشابه
Freezing viruses in time.
The 2014 outbreak of Ebola in West Africa has generated understandable interest in how long viruses can survive outside of a host. Is it a matter of minutes, several hours, a few days? How about 700 years? Remarkably, a new study in PNAS by Ng et al. (1) shows that viruses can survive intact in ice patches for at least this period and retain their infectivity. Ng et al. (1) based their study on...
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The time-dependent freezing rate (TDFR) model here described represents the formation of ice particles by immersion freezing within an air parcel. The air parcel trajectory follows an adiabatic ascent and includes a period in time when the parcel remains stationary at the top of its ascent. The description of the ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the air parcel is taken from laboratory experim...
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UNLABELLED Among the most fundamental questions in viral evolutionary biology are how fast viruses evolve and how evolutionary rates differ among viruses and fluctuate through time. Traditionally, viruses are loosely classed into two groups: slow-evolving DNA viruses and fast-evolving RNA viruses. As viral evolutionary rate estimates become more available, it appears that the rates are negative...
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Effects of different freezing rates and four different thawing methods on chemical composition, microstructure, and color of ginger were investigated. Computer simulation for predicting the freezing time of cylindrical ginger for two different freezing methods (slow and fast) was done using ANSYS (®) Multiphysics. Different freezing rates (slow and fast) and thawing methods significantly (P < 0...
متن کاملEvaluation of freezing tolerance in olive cultivars by stomatal density and freezing stress
Selection of frost tolerant cultivars and understanding the mechanisms of frost hardiness could help to improve freezing resistance in olive plants. Olive cultivars may differ in frost hardiness due to differential survival of specific organs. The aim of this study was to screen different olive cultivars based on their stomatal density and metabolic modifications under cold conditions. The ‘Zar...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
سال: 2014
ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419827111